English Grammar: Past Participles

What is a past participle?


A past participle indicates past or completed action or time. It is often called the 'ed' form as it is formed by adding d or ed, to the base form of regular verbs, however it is also formed in various other ways for irregular verbs.It can be used to form a verb phrase as part of the present perfect tense.

For example:-

I have learnt English. (Learnt is part of the verb phrase 'have learnt')

PASSADO PARTICÍPIO

• Eu tenho estudado - I have studied

• Ele tinha feito - He had done / He had made

• Nós temos trabalhado - We have worked

• Ela tinha visto - She had seen

• Eles têm escrito - They have written

• Eu tinha corrido - I had run

Nós aqui classificamos as formas irregulares dos verbos como uma questão de vocabulário, uma vez que as mesmas não interferem na estruturação das frases; e do ponto de vista do aprendizado, o aluno deve assimilar essas formas da mesma maneira que assimila vocabulário.



Base Past Tense Form Past Participle Translation

------- ------- --------------- -------------------

arise arose arisen surgir, erguer-se

awake awoke awoken despertar

be was, were been ser, estar

bear bore borne suportar, ser portador de

beat beat beaten bater

become became become tornar-se

befall befell befallen acontecer

beget begot begotten, begot procriar, gerar

begin began begun começar

behold beheld beheld contemplar

bend bent bent curvar

bet bet bet apostar

bid bid bid oferecer, fazer uma oferta

bind bound bound unir, encadernar, obrigar-se

bite bit bitten morder

bleed bled bled sangrar, ter hemorragia

blow blew blown assoprar, explodir

break broke broken quebrar

breed bred bred procriar, reproduzir

bring brought brought trazer

broadcast broadcast broadcast irradiar, transmitir

build built built construir

buy bought bought comprar

cast cast cast atirar, deitar

catch caught caught pegar, capturar

choose chose chosen escolher

cling clung clung aderir, segurar-se

come came come vir

cost cost cost custar

creep crept crept rastejar

cut cut cut cortar

deal dealt dealt negociar, tratar

dig dug dug cavocar

do did done fazer **

draw drew drawn tracionar, desenhar **

drink drank drunk beber

drive drove driven dirigir, ir de carro

eat ate eaten comer

fall fell fallen cair

feed fed fed alimentar

feel felt felt sentir, sentir-se

fight fought fought lutar

find found found achar, encontrar

flee fled fled fugir, escapar

fling flung flung arremessar

fly flew flown voar, pilotar

forbid forbade forbidden proibir

forget forgot forgot, forgotten esquecer

forgive forgave forgiven perdoar

freeze froze frozen congelar, paralisar

get got gotten, got obter **

give gave given dar

go went gone ir

grind ground ground moer

grow grew grown crescer, cultivar

have had had ter, beber, comer

hear heard heard ouvir

hide hid hidden, hid esconder

know knew known saber, conhecer